SPNGN-I Section 4 Routed Technologies-I Sub Topics

Below is the list of topics covered in this section:

• Describe classful versus classless routing
• Describe routing protocols basics (metrics, IGP versus EGP)
• Describe RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPNG
• Implement EIGRPv4 and EIGRPv6 on Cisco IOS, IOS-XE and IOS-XR routers
• Describe route redistribution
• Describe VRF
• Describe GRE

I have notes prepared till "Implement EIGRPv4 and EIGRPv6 on Cisco IOS, IOS-XE and IOS-XR routers".

I will post the topics which i will prepare here on...

My next topic is "route redistribution" and i will post this topic soon...

CCNA SP -- SPNGN-I Exam (640-875) Details

Below is the link to the syllabus:

SPNGN-I Exam Topics

It has 9 major sections. We need to concentrate more on the following sections :

Swithced Network Technlogies I

Routed Network Technologies I

IP Services

Security in the network

Network Management

A new journey started again ... Hope(insha allah) this will continue

It is been almost 3 years i blogged here. Due to so many distractions and unstable mind , not able to concentrate consistently on anything.

I have started my journey towards CCIE Server Provider Track with CCNA SP. It has two exams (SPNGN-I and SPNGN-II)

I have already started preparing for SPNGN-I  a month back. I will be posting the topics in my blog soon...

An Alternative to Cross-over Cable -- Auto MDI-X

Before we discuss about Auto MDI-X , Let me first clarify what is MDI and MDI-X

MDI(Media Dependent Interface): An Ethernet port typically used on NIC of a computer.
Examples  : Personal Computers,Workstations,Servers and Routers.

MDI-X(Media Dependent Interface-Cross over): An Ethernet port typically used on network devices. Examples : Hubs and Switches.

There is no hard rule that Computers have MDI interfaces and Switches have MDI-X interfaces. But it is general known convention.

MDI vs MDI-X :

• Straight through cable is used to connect between MDI and MDI-X interfaces. Refer Fig 1
• Cross over cable is used to connect between MDI to MDI (or) MDI-X to MDI-X interfaces. Refer Fig 2

They say that a picture is more than 1000 words:

                              Fig 1: Straight through MDI to MDI-X connection for 10BASE-T

                             Fig 2 :  Cross over MDI to MDI connection

 Enough about the backgroud , lets come back to actual feature

Auto MDI-X:

To connect two ports of same configuration (MDI to MDI or MDI-X to MDI-X),an ethernet cross over cable is needed. But Auto MDI-X automatically detects the required cable connection type and configures the appropriately.

Note: For Auto MDI-X to operate correctly , the speed and duplex settings must be set to "auto".

Got bored with theory , lets jump into configuration

By default Auto-MDIX is enabled on the switches. We can verify this with the following cli:

switch1#show controll ethernet fa0/0 phy | i MD

Auto-MDIX      :  On   [AdminState=1   Flags=0x00052248]

Note: If we hard set the speed/duplex , Auto-MDIX will be turned off automatically. Lets verify this

switch1(config)#int fa0/0
switch1(config-if)#speed 100

switch1#show controll ethernet fa0/0 phy | i MD

Auto-MDIX      :  Off   [AdminState=1   Flags=0x00010A48]

The following table tells us when the link will be up/down.

sw1		sw2
MDIX	Speed/Duplex	MDIX	Speed/Duplex	Link Status
on	auto	on	auto	up
on	auto	on	hard-set	up
on	auto	off	auto	up
on	auto	off	hard-set	up
on	hard-set	on	auto	up
on	hard-set	on	hard-set	down
on	hard-set	off	auto	down
on	hard-set	off	hard-set	down
off	auto	on	auto	up
off	auto	on	hard-set	down
off	auto	off	auto	down
off	auto	off	hard-set	down
off	hard-set	on	auto	up
off	hard-set	on	hard-set	down
off	hard-set	off	auto	up
off	hard-set	off	hard-set	down

Simple condition for the link to be up: at least one side needs to have auto-MDIX enabled along with auto-negotiation of speed and duplex, otherwise the link will be down.

Ethernet Layer1 : Wiring--Speed--Duplex

Wiring:

We have different physical media(Coaxial,STP,UTP and Optical Fiber) to implement Ethernet technology. But nowadays we mostly use UTP and Optical.

In UTP, we use RJ-45 connector and Category 5/5e cable for wiring the devices.

RJ-45 Pinouts with Four-Pair UTP Cabling:

 The most popular standards (10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX) each use 2 twisted pairs (specifically pairs 2 and 3 from above figure),with one pair used for transmission in each direction

Ethernet Cabling Types:

Type Of Cable	Pinouts	Key Pins Connected
Straight – through	T568A (both ends) or T568b (both ends)	1-1;2-2;3-3;6-6
Cross –over	T568A on one end, T568B on the other	1-3;2-6;3-1;6-2

Points to Remember:

1. Eventhough we have 4 pairs, we use only 2 pairs. One pair for transmission and another for reception.
2. For Ex: A PC NIC transmits on pair 1,2 and receives on pair 3,6 ; But switch do the opposite. So a Straight-through cable works well.

Little Bit History of Ether-net

General Meaning of Ether:
 

• 1) The hypothetical medium formerly believed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves
• 2) Greek myth  the upper regions of the atmosphere; clear sky or heaven

In simple words we can take it as air or free space

Meaning of Ether-net In our World:

A passive broadcast medium with no central control.

Didn't understand, Let me explain you a bit more

Basically it is a shared medium and access to this medium(that is Ether) for packet broadcasts is distributed among the transmitting stations(end-devices) using controlled statistical arbitration.It is nothing but CSMA/CD.

Actual History:

It was developed by DEC(Digital Equipment Corporation),Intel and Xerox in 1970s and was called DIX Ethernet.In the mid-1980s IEEE defined new standards to Ethernet-like networks as 802.3.

First lets start with the topics to be covered for CCIE RSv4

CCIE RSv4 Expanded Blue print